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91.
Co-firing NH3 with H2/CO/syngas (SYN) is a promising method to overcome the low reactivity of NH3/air flame. Hence, this study aims to systematically investigate the laminar premixed combustion characteristics of NH3/air flame with various H2/CO/SYN addition loadings (0–40%) using chemical kinetics simulation. The numerical results were obtained based on the Han mechanism which can provide accurate predictions of laminar burning velocities. Results showed that H2 has the greatest effects on increasing laminar burning velocities and net heat release rates of NH3/air flame, followed by SYN and CO. CO has the most significant effects on improving NH3/air adiabatic flame temperatures. The H2/CO/SYN additions can accelerate NH3 decomposition rates and promote the generation of H and NH2 radicals. Furthermore, there is an evident positive linear correlation between the laminar burning velocities and the peak mole fraction of H + NH2 radicals. The reaction NH2 + NH <=> N2H2 + H and NH2 + NO <=> NNH + OH have remarkable positive effects on NH3 combustion. The mole fraction of OH × NH2 radicals positively affects the net heat release rates. Finally, it was discovered that H radicals play an important role in the generation of NO. The H2/CO/SYN additions can reduce the hydrodynamic and diffusional-thermal instabilities of NH3/air flame. The NH3 reaction pathways for NH3–H2/CO/SYN-air flames can be categorized mainly into NH3–NH2–NH–N–N2, NH3–NH2–HNO–NO(?N2O)–N2 and NH3–NH2(?N2H2)–NNH–N2. CO has the greatest influence on the proportions of three NH3 reaction routes. 相似文献
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93.
针对深部软岩巷道围岩变形量大,传统支护结构失效的问题,以煤峪口矿回采巷道为研究背景,综合应用数值模拟和工程实践对原支护方案下巷道破坏特征进行分析,提出采用中空注浆锚索进行补强支护,并采用FLAC3D分析了两种支护方案下巷道围岩的收敛量以及应力分布情况,得出了优化支护方案能够有效控制巷道围岩破碎程度,并通过工程实践得到验证。 相似文献
94.
95.
In the present work, thermal performance of a new modified baseboard radiator is investigated experimentally based on the European Standard EN-442. Temperature distribution and thermal comfort conditions of the floor heating system and panel radiator is compared with the present system numerically. To validation of the simulation results, a comparison has been made between the simulation and the experimental obtained results. Comparison shows that there is a good agreement between them. The heat output rate of the new system increased about 46.06% compared with conventional baseboard radiant model and also the baseboard heating system is capable of providing better thermal comfort conditions than two other systems. Energy consumption in three systems is investigated experimentally by smart temperature control mechanism. Results show that energy consumption in the baseboard radiant is 83.03% and 55.96% lower than floor heating system and panel radiator, respectively. 相似文献
96.
Haoshu SHEN Yuxin WU Minmin ZHOU Hai ZHANG Guangxi YUE Junfu LYU 《Frontiers in Energy》2021,15(1):124
Large eddy simulation (LES) has become a promising tool for pulverized coal combustion with the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technologies in recent years. LES can better capture the unsteady features and turbulent structures of coal jet flame than Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS). The coal-fired power plants in China are now required to be operated in a wide load range and quickly respond to the electric grid. The boiler performance of variable loads should be evaluated in terms of flow, heat transfer, and combustion processes. In this paper, LES was applied to simulate a 660 MW ultra-supercritical boiler under BMCR (boiler maximum continue rate), 75%THA-100, and 50%THA-100 conditions. The predicted gas velocities agree well with the thermal calculation and the temperature error is less than 130 K. The simulation results show that the operation load has significant effects on the boiler performance. It is also proved that LES can provide guidance for the design and operation of advanced coal-fired boilers. 相似文献
97.
Ruiyuan Zhang Ting Min Yan Liu Li Chen Wen-Quan Tao 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(38):20037-20053
Reducing the Platinum (Pt) loading while maintaining the performance is highly desired for promoting the commercial use of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Different methods have been adopted to fabricate catalyst layers (CLs) with low Pt loading, including utilizing lower Pt/C catalysts (MA), mixing high Pt/C catalysts with bare carbon black particles (MB), and reducing CL thickness while maintaining high Pt/C ratio (MC). In this study, self-developed pore-scale model is adopted to investigate the performance of the three Pt reduction methods. It is found that MA shows the best performance while MB shows the worst. Then, effects of Pt dispersion are further explored. The results show that denser Pt sites will result in higher local oxygen flux and thus higher local transport resistance. Therefore, MA method, which shows the better Pt dispersion, leads to improved performance. Third, CLs with quasi-realistic structures are investigated. Higher tortuosity resulting from the random pores produces higher bulk resistance along the thickness direction, while MA still exhibits the best performance. Finally, improved CL structures are investigated by designing perforated CL structures. It is found that adding perforations can significantly reduce the bulk transport resistance and can improve the CL performance. It is demonstrated that CL structure plays important roles on performance, and there are still huge potentials to further improve CL performance by increasing Pt dispersion and optimizing CL structures. 相似文献
98.
99.
The performance of the Taylor‐Couette flow apparatus as a heat sterilizer is numerically investigated. The destruction of Clostridium botulinum and thiamine (vitamin B1) was selected as model reaction. When Taylor vortices were formed in the annular space, the heat transfer significantly enhanced as compared to the case without vortex flow. As a result, the equivalent lethality calculated from the temperature field increased, which is regarded as a quantum leap. Conversely, the improvement of heat transfer induced destruction of thiamine. These results suggest that there is a trade‐off relationship between the enhancement of heat transfer and the avoidance of thermal destruction of nutritional components. In conclusion, the Taylor‐Couette flow sterilizer has the potential for process intensification in heat sterilization processes. 相似文献
100.